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• Single
  single[on[process]] ...locate a variable to a specific process. Most commonly combined with the ''on'' type which specifies the process to allocated to, but not required if thi
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• Arraydist
  Will distribute data blocks amongst the processes dependant on the integer array supplied. The number of elements in this array must equal var b:array[Int,16,16] :: allocated[single[on[1]]];
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• Blocking
  var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]]; var b:Int::allocated[single[on[2]]] :: blocking[];
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• Main Page
  ...ki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. ...org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]
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• Standard
  ...er when the message has been delivered or it has been copied into a buffer on the sender. This is the default applied if further type information is not var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]] :: nonblocking[] :: standard[];
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• Synchronous
  var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]]; var b:Int::allocated[single[on[2]]] :: synchronous[] :: blocking[];
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• Onesided
  var i:Int::onesided::allocated[single[on[2]]]; ...mory held by process two. At line three barrier synchronisation will occur on variable ''i'', which in this case will involve processes zero and two ensu
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• Gather
  var x:array[Int,12] :: allocated[single[on[2]]]; ...'x'' is allocated on the root process (2) only. Whereas ''r'' is allocated on all processes. In the assignment all three elements of ''r'' are gathered f
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• Ready
  var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]]; var b:Int::allocated[single[on[2]]] :: ready[];
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• Buffered
  var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]]; var b:Int::allocated[single[on[2]]] :: buffered[500];
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• Array
  When an array variable is assigned to another, depending on where each variable is allocated to, there may be communication to achieve | single[on[i]]
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• Eageronesided
  var i:Int::eageronesided::allocated[single[on[2]]]; ...esided communication on process two only. In line two an assignment occurs on process zero which will write the value, from process zero into the memory
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• Allreduce
  Similar to the [[reduce]] type, but the reduction will be performed on each process and the result is also available to all. In this case all processes will perform the reduction on ''p'' and all processes will have the minimum value of ''p'' placed into th
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• Declaration
  ...9, an integer and as such the type is infered to be both Int and allocated on multiple processes. var z:Char :: allocated[single[on[2]]];
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• Declaredtype
  ...th the type [[const]] (enforcing read only access to the variable's data.) On line 3, the programmer is reverting the variable back to its declared type
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• Download rtl 0.2
  ..., although it will be possible for an experienced programmer to install it on that system. ...nstructions are included with the library. Additionally these can be found on the [[Download 0.5|Download 0.5 Package]] page.
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• Download rtl 1.0
  ...ons. Your code should run without modification and all of the example code on this website, including the tutorials, have been tested and found to work i ...nstructions are included with the library. Additionally these can be found on the [[Download 1.0|download 1.0 package]] page.
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• Wish List
  * Anything else.... ''just tell us you are working on it''
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• Heap
  ''Note:'' All heap memory is garbage collected. The specifics of this depends on the runtime library, broadly when it goes out of scope then it will be coll ...eclared as an integer and allocated to all processes (by default) and also on the heap. Note how we have omitted the optional braces to the ''stack'' typ
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• Tutorial - Shared Memory
  Communication depends on exactly where variables are allocated to which in itself is driven by types ...is case, process one modifying the value will have no impact on ''a'' held on other processes such as process zero.
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• Introduction
  ...little efficiency tricks, which become difficult to maintain as time goes on. It is often the case that, existing HPC code (often written in C with a co ...r those using the language. There is much important development to be done on the language and tools in order to develop what has been created thus far
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• Async
  ...processes 0 and 1. In the par loop, the assignment ''a:=89'' is applicable on process 0 only, resulting in an asynchronous send. Each process executes th var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]];
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• The Arjuna Compiler
  ...es the Message Passing Interface (version 2) for communication. Therefore, on the target machine, an implementation of MPI, such as OpenMPI, MPICH or a v ...ses on 2 cores is 1 process on each, 6 processes on 2 cores is 3 processes on each etc...)
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• Nonblocking
  var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]] :: nonblocking[]; var b:Int::allocated[single[on[2]]];
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• Notifyall
  ...function will notify all other process, all these target process can wait on or test for a notification. This is non-blocking and will continue as soon
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• Notify
  ...notify(n) function will notify process ''n'', this target process can wait on or test for a notification. This is non-blocking and will continue as soon
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• Share
  var e:array[Int,10]::allocated[single[on[1]]]; var u:array[Char,12]::allocated[single[on[1]] :: share[e]];
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• Oubliette
  * Based on [http://www.mesham.com/downloads/specification1a6.pdf specification 1a6] * Updated proc, par and group semantics to be none blocking on entry to the blocks
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• Try
  ...Mesham and the last appropriate catch block will be entered into depending on program flow. ...xist, then instead of that element being displayed an error message is put on the screen.
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• Dartboard PI
  ...he result. Very ruffly, this means that with d darts, thrown over r rounds on n processes, the time taken parallely is the time it takes to simulate thro var calculatedPi:array[Double,m]:: allocated[single[on[0]]];
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• Tutorial - RMA
  ...the [[Tutorial_-_Shared_Memory|shared memory tutorial]] and here we build on that to consider the concepts in more depth. var a:Int::allocated[single[on[1]]];
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• Evendist
  var e:array[Int,16,16] :: allocated[row[] :: single[on[1]]]; ...ocation 11, whilst ''r'' is the value at ''a's'' block memory location 35. On line 9, variable ''s'' is the value at ''b's'' block memory location 50 bec
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• Mandelbrot
  ...dealing with specific colourisation of the resulting fractal. The example on this page is purposly basic so that the potential programmer can understand ...formance of such codes, due to the close performance of the codes when run on an initial number of processors was the same and as such not shown. Due to
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• Computation
  ...nefit of MPMD is that it is possible to tailor the code to run efficiently on each processor and also keeps the code each processor will execute relative ...hich the parallel aspects can be designed. The actual problem type depends on which form of parallelism is to be employed.
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• File
  A file handle with which the programmer can use to reference open files on the file system
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• For
  ...ample will loop from 0 to 9 (10 iterations) and display the value of ''i'' on each pass.
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• Tutorial - Advanced Types
  typevar typeB::=String::allocated[single[on[3]]]; ...ble, ''typeA'' using the ''::='' operator to be a [[String]] instead. Then on line six we declare variable ''b'' using this type variable, which effectiv
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• Int
  In this example variable ''i'' is explicitly declared to be of type ''Int''. On line 2, variable ''b'' is declared and via type inference will also be of t
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• Const
  ...e will produce an error. Whilst the first assignment (''a:=34'') is legal, on the subsequent line the programmer has modified the type of ''a'' to be tha
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• Prime factorization
  This example will perform prime factorization on a number parallely, to return the prime factors which make up that number. ...cation primitive (resulting in the MPI all reduce command.) However, later on we use s as a normal variable in the assignment n:=s due to the typing for
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• Communication
  ...barriers on distributed-memory machines is predictable, although not good. On the other hand, this performance hit might be the case, however with BSP th .... A major benefit of this model is that processors can be added or removed on the fly, which is especially important in large, complex parallel systems.
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• Image processing
  ...mage. The image processing supported is applying a low or high pass filter on the image. However, to do this the image needs to be transformed into the f Performance of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been evaluated on a super computer cluster. Two different experiments were performed, one wit
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• Mesham parallel programming language:Privacy policy
  ...e with legal requests to identify people if they commit illegal activities on this site. Please, no wazes, virus writing, OS exploiting, or links to thos
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• Functions
  The type of the variable depends on the pass semantics (by reference or value.) Broadly, all [[:Category:Elemen ...''modify'' function will accept an integer variable but this is allocated on the heap (pass by reference.) The assignment will modify the value of the v
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• Scatter
  In this example, three elements of array ''r'', on process 1, are scattered to each other process and placed in their copy of
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• Include
  ...he absence of the ''.mesh'' ending, the preprocessor will attempt to match on the absolute filename first and if this can not be found will then look for
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• Tutorial - Parallel Constructs
  ...blocks and then using parallel composition to run the blocks in parallel, on different processes, is a useful one. As a further exercise try rearranging ...as at the same time the value of 1 is written to variables ''z'' and ''m'' on process 1. Process 2 performs the assignment ''n:=1'' and lastly process 3
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• Tutorial - Dynamic Parallelism
  ...tly requires one process, by running with more will just execute that code on all the other processes? There are a number of rules associated with writin var s:array[Int, numberProc]::allocated[single[on[0]]];
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• Alltoall
  ...ocess ends up with twelve elements in ''x'', the location of each is based on the source processes's PID.
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• Download 0.41 beta
  ...e first release from the Arjuna compiler line and the last version to work on Windows. Based upon FlexibO this version is deprecated but still contains s ...Note: This version of Mesham is deprecated, the documentation and examples on this website are no longer compatible with this version.''
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• What is Mesham
  ...n write simple yet highly efficient parallel HPC code which can easily run on a cluster of machines *Normal Computer Users - Programs written in Mesham run seamlessly on SMPs, as a programmer you can take advantage of these multiple processors f
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• Download 0.5
  ...Note: This version of Mesham is deprecated, the documentation and examples on this website are no longer compatible with this version.'' ...Windows (mainly in the runtime library) although it is possible to compile on Windows for more experienced developers.
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• Tutorial - Arrays
  ...pile and run this code then you will see it displays values ''0'' to ''9'' on standard output. We can access an element of an array (for reading or writi var a:array[Int,16,8]::allocated[single[on[1]]];
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• Tutorial - Parallel Types
  var b:Int::allocated[single[on[2]]]; ...e. here process 2 is sending the value ''23'' to all other processes. Then on line 7 we are just using ''a'' as a normal program variable to display its
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• Proc
  The code example will run on two processes, the first will display the message ''Hello from 0'', whilst
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• CandyStrawser428
  New figures from the Bank of England, also released on Friday, back this up. ...consumers are choosing to pay off credit cards and loans, rather than take on new borrowing, the data indicate.
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• Static
  ...eclared as an integer and allocated to all processes (by default) and also on static memory. Note how we have omitted the optional braces to the ''stack'
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• Tutorial - Hello world
  ...have gotten the Mesham compiler and runtime library installed and working on your machine as per the instructions [[Download_1.0|here]]. ...vide no further information (such as the type) because this can be deduced on the next line. Line 7 we are using the [[Par|par]] keyword to declare a par
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• Par
  ...allel equivalent of the for loop, each iteration will execute concurrently on different processes. This allows the programmer to write code MPMD style, w
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• The Compiler
  ...es the Message Passing Interface (version 2) for communication. Therefore, on the target machine, an implementation of MPI, such as OpenMPI, MPICH or a v ...ses on 2 cores is 1 process on each, 6 processes on 2 cores is 3 processes on each etc...)
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• Tutorial - Simple Types
  ...tutorial as with variable ''p'' which was inferred to be an [[Int]] later on as it was used in a [[Par|par]] statement.) ...r form of memory allocation, the [[Heap|heap]] type which allocates memory on the heap, to rightmost end of the chain then this would override the behavi
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• Stack
  ...eclared as an integer and allocated to all processes (by default) and also on the stack frame of the current function. Note how we have omitted the optio
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• Include once
  ...he absence of the ''.mesh'' ending, the preprocessor will attempt to match on the absolute filename first and if this can not be found will then look for
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• Downloads
  ''This page contains all the downloads available on this website''
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• Tutorial - Functions
  ...ferencerecord|reference records]] are pass by reference. This is dependant on the manner in which these data types are allocated, the former using the [[ ...e, where ''a'' is (by default) allocated to stack memory but ''mydata'' is on heap memory. In such cases Mesham handles the necessary transformations.
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• Parallel Computing
  ...ogrammer, via co-arrays will distribute computation and data but much rely on the compiler to determine communication (which is often one sided.) Because ...to keep an eye on - there is much development time and effort being spent on it at the moment. UPC uses an explicit parallel execution model with shared
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• Reduce
  ...lues together at the root process and then the operation will be performed on them.
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• Type Variables
  ...''m'' has the type value ''Int :: allocated[multiple[]]'' assigned to it. On line 2, a new (program) variable is created using this new type variable. I
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• New Compiler
  ...m version 1.0 onwards.) Further details about these compilers can be found on their respective pages. The previous [[Arjuna]] line are deprecated.
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• How To Edit
  *A line across the page can be produced with four - signs on a blank line: *Entries may be signed and dated (recommended for comments on talk pages) with four tildes: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> [[User:Simon Smith|Simo
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• Arjuna
  ...d_rtl_0.2|here]]. Whilst the website examples and documentation have moved on, you can view the change lists to understand how to use the Arjuna line. ...me library in the next line of compilers, [[Oubliette]], is actually based on the existing RTL, but changes and modifications to the language specificati
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• Download 1.0
  ...based upon the language as described [[Specification|here]] and documented on this website. The compiler has been entirely rewritten from scratch and thi ...compatible with x86 (64 and 32 bit) Linux only, if you wish to use Mesham on a Windows operating system then you will need to download an [[Download_0.4
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• Type Oriented Programming Concept
  * Maintainability - By changing the type one can have considerable effect on the semantics of code, by abstracting the programmer away this makes the co ...with the choice between explicit and implicit programming - they can rely on the inbuild, safe, language defaults or alternatively use additional types
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• Group
  Will execute the group body on different processes as specified by the programmer. This allows the program
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• NAS-IS Benchmark
  ...mbination files for each class of experiment. It is therefore not included on this page but you can download it.
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• The Idea Behind Types
  On a more technical note, the type system implements a number of services. The
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